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Energy cover crops for biogas production increase soil organic carbon stocks: a modeling approach
Archive ouverte : Article de revue
Edité par HAL CCSD
International audience. Energy cover crops for biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD) are inserted between two primary crops. They replace either bare soil or non-harvested cover crops, and their management is usually intensified to produce more biomass. They allow the production of renewable energy as well as diges-tate, used as an organic fertilizer, without directly competing with food produc-tion. Because of the increased biomass production and export and of the return of a digested biomass to the soil, the impact of energy cover crops on soil organic carbon (SOC) is questioned. The objective of this paper was to study the differ-ence in SOC stocks induced by the introduction of energy cover crops for AD coupled with the application of the resulting amount of digestate. We used the AD model Sys- Metha combined with the soil C model AMG to simulate SOC stocks for 13 case studies in France, with scenarios comparing different inter-crop management practices, with or without cover crops, harvested or not. Our results indicated that the higher biomass production of energy cover crops (from 6.7 to 11.1 t DM ha−1) in comparison with nonharvested cover crops (2 t DM ha−1) or bare soil led to higher humified C input (belowground input and digestate), despite the high C fraction exported in AD. This resulted in an increase in SOC stocks in comparison with nonharvested cover crops or bare soil (from 0.01 to 0.12 t C ha−1 year−1 over 30 years). The uncertainties in the model parameters did not modify these results. However, in the case of equal biomass production be-tween energy cover crops and nonharvested cover crops, SOC stocks would be lower with energy cover crops.
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