A Contribution to the Design of Pole-Changing Induction Machines Design with Continuous Gearbox Effect for Automotive Application. Contribution à la Conception de Machines Asynchrones à Cage Multipolarité à Effet Boîte de Vitesse Continue pour Application Automobile

Archive ouverte : Thèse

Mekahlia, Abdelhak

Edité par HAL CCSD

Electric individual mobility is one of the viable solutions to build a more sustainable civilization if electricity is produced from carbon-free sources. Electric drivetrains are subject to important constraints which are: efficiency, volume, and price.Comparing to permanent magnet machines, induction machines have lower prices. However, they are more limited regarding torque density and constant power speed range, which leads to oversize the electrical drive and especially the power converter for mid-range vehicles. These two aspects can be enhanced by raising the number of phases to allow the use of different supplying harmonics.This thesis aims to study the electronic pole-changing technique, used to extend the constant power speed range for multiphase induction machines. This technique produces a continuous electromagnetic gearbox effect, limiting thus the range of electrical frequency and increasing the maximum torque. In this context, a prototype of 13-phase induction machine is proposed and compared to a three-phase reference induction machine. . L’électrification des véhicules automobiles se place au coeur des priorités dans le secteur des transports. Pour une chaine de traction électrique, le défi technologique est d’assurer un équilibre entre : le coût, le volume et l’efficacité énergétique.Par rapport aux machines à aimants permanents, la machine asynchrone à cage est moins coûteuse. Cependant, elle est caractérisée par une densité du couple et une plage de fonctionnement à puissance constante limitées, ce qui oblige à surdimensionner le drive pour les véhicules du milieu de gamme. Ces deux derniers aspects peuvent être améliorés avec l’augmentation du nombre de phases, au-delà de trois, grâce à la possibilité d’utiliser plusieurs harmoniques de courant pour alimenter le stator.Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement à l’extension de la plage de fonctionnement à puissance constante sans composants supplémentaires, grâce à la technique de changement électronique du nombre de pôles magnétiques, qui est possible pour les machines à plus de 3 phases. Cette technique permet de réaliser un effet de boite de vitesse électromagnétique continue. Dans ce cadre, un prototype de machine à induction à 13 phases est proposé et comparé à une machine à induction triphasée de référence.

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