Optimization and reliability analysis for electrical machines modeled by finite element method. Optimisation et analyse de fiabilité des machines électriques modélisées par la méthode des éléments finis

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El Bechari, Reda

Edité par HAL CCSD

The finite element method is the most sophisticated tool to model the electromagnetic phenomenon. However, it is computationally expensive. Thus, its usage for optimization and reliability analysis (iterative processes) should be made with caution since only a limited number of evaluations of the model can be tolerated. Furthermore, the impact of the manufacturing process on the electrical machines is scarcely studied in the literature. The integration of this aspect in the design phase is one of the contributions of this thesis alongside the main contribution, which is the development and comparison of optimization approaches for electrical machines.We present the approaches adapted to the subject and develop new ones. On the one hand, the finite element model can be seen as a "black-box" for which we develop a non-intrusive approach based on Kriging meta-models. On the other hand, we consider an intrusive approach as we look inside the "black-box," we upgrade the model to provide the derivatives of the quantities of interest. The derivatives are essential to some optimization and reliability analysis tools. They are computed efficiently using the adjoint variable method. Finally, the methods are compared to give insight into the advantages and the shortcomings of each of them.Lastly, a real case study is considered; it consists of studying the impact of the manufacturing process on the claw-pole machine manufactured by Valeo. From the production line, machines are withdrawn to measure their dimensions and characterize their deviation from the nominal one. Then a statistical analysis is conducted to assess the reliability and impact on the performances . La méthode des éléments finis est l'outil le plus sophistiqué pour modéliser le phénomène électromagnétique. Cependant, elle est coûteuse en temps de calcul. Ainsi, son utilisation pour l'optimisation et l'analyse de fiabilité (processus itératifs) doit être faite avec prudence car seul un nombre limité d'évaluations du modèle peut être toléré. De plus, l'impact du processus de fabrication sur les machines électriques est peu étudié dans la littérature. L'intégration de cet aspect dans la phase de conception est l'un des apports de cette thèse aux côtés de la principale contribution, qui est le développement et la comparaison des approches d'optimisation pour les machines électriques.Nous exposons les approches adaptées au sujet de la thèse et en développons de nouvelles. D'une part, le modèle d'éléments finis peut être considéré comme une "boîte noire" pour laquelle nous développons une approche non intrusive basée sur des méta-modèles. D'autre part, nous considérons une approche intrusive, nous améliorons le modèle pour fournir les dérivées des quantités d'intérêt. Les dérivées sont calculées efficacement en utilisant la méthode de la variable adjointe. Finalement, les méthodes sont comparées pour donner un aperçu des avantages et des inconvénients de chacune d'entre elles.Enfin, une étude de cas réel est abordée ; elle consiste à étudier l'impact du procédé de fabrication sur la machine à griffes fabriquée par Valeo. Sur la chaîne de production, les machines sont prélevées pour mesurer leurs dimensions et caractériser leur écart par rapport aux dimensions nominales. Ensuite, une analyse statistique est menée pour évaluer la fiabilité et l'impact sur les performances

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