Development of a power setup load-pull in G frequency [140-220 GHz] and application to HBTs transistor characterization in the BiCMOS 55 nm technology. Développement d’un banc de mesure load-pull en bande G [140-220 GHz] et application à la caractérisation des transistors HBTs en technologie BiCMOS 55 nm

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Maye, Caroline

Edité par HAL CCSD

The 55nm BiCMOS technology, manufactured by STMicroelectronics, shows great potential for applications in the millimetre and sub-millimetre frequency ranges. It features a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with characteristic frequencies, , f_t and f_max, of 320 and 370 GHz respectively. Its development involves lengthy manufacturing and validation processes. In this work, the aim is to develop a load-pull characterisation bench at frequencies above 140 GHz. The realisation of this bench is still limited by the power performance of the sources, detectors and impedance synthesizers available on the market. Through a state of the art of the solutions previously realized, a hybrid solution is proposed. The source, similar to the architecture of a VNA extension head, as well as the detectors are kept off-wafer for a perennial use of the measurement bench. Particular attention is given to the calibration steps, during which the difficulty of scalar measurement at millimetre frequencies is highlighted. In addition, the impedance tuner is integrated on-chip with the HBT in order to avoid the losses of the RF probe. This tuner is designed in the BiCMOS 55 nm technology. The number of control voltages is deliberately minimised in order to allow for long-term use in a box. An innovative architecture is also presented. In parallel, an automation program is implemented to improve the measurement accuracy, perform the calculation of the component parameters and reduce the measurement time. Finally, load-pull measurements are performed at 185 GHz on the heterojunction bipolar transistor and for several dimensions. . La technologie BiCMOS 55 nm, fabriquée par STMicroelectronics, montre un fort potentiel pour les applications dans les gammes de fréquences millimétriques et sub-millimétriques. Elle dispose d’un transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction (HBT) dont les fréquences caractéristiques, f_t et f_max, atteignent 320 et 370 GHz respectivement. Son développement engage des processus longs de fabrication et de validation. Dans ces travaux, il est ainsi question de développer un banc de caractérisation load-pull aux fréquences supérieures à 140 GHz. La réalisation de ce banc est encore limitée par les performances en puissance des sources, des détecteurs et des synthétiseurs d’impédance disponibles dans le commerce. A travers un état de l’art des solutions précédemment réalisées, une solution hybride est proposée. Pour une utilisation pérenne du banc de mesure, la source, semblable à l’architecture d’une tête d’extension d’un VNA, ainsi que les détecteurs sont conservés off-wafer. Une attention particulière est donnée aux étapes de calibrage au cours desquelles est mise en évidence la difficulté de la mesure scalaire aux fréquences millimétriques. D’autre part, le tuner d’impédance est intégré sur puce avec le HBT afin de s’affranchir des pertes de la sonde RF. Ce tuner est designé en technologie BiCMOS 55 nm. Le nombre de commandes est volontairement minimisé afin d’envisager une mise en boitier pour une utilisation à long terme. Une architecture innovante est également présentée. En parallèle, un programme d’automatisation est mis en place pour améliorer la précision de mesure, effectuer le calcul des paramètres du composant et réduire le temps de mesure. Finalement, des mesures load-pull sont réalisées à 185 GHz sur le transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction et pour plusieurs dimensions.

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