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The geopolitics of shaming : when human rights pressure works - and when it backfires / Rochelle Terman
Livre
Edited by Princeton University Press - 2023
When a repressive government violates the rights of its citizens, the international community can respond by exerting moral pressure on that government from the outside: shining the global spotlight, condemning abuses, and urging reform. Shaming is ubiquitous in world politics, wielded by state and non-state actors alike. However, recent events have sparked new interest in resistance and backlash to international human rights norms. Scholars now recognize the potential for shaming to backfire. Yet, a robust theoretical account for such phenomena-the "dark side" of human rights shaming-remains lacking. This book provides such an account, investigating two closely related questions. First, why and how do states shame each other for human rights violations? Second, when does shaming lead to an improvement in human rights conditions, and when does it backfire? Terman argues that whether shaming works depends on the relationship between the country shaming and the country being shamed. Criticism exchanged between friends and allies is more effective, she shows, because it entails greater leverage and credibility. Shaming from rivals and adversaries, in contrast, is more likely to backfire. Terman provides evidence for her theory using cross-national data, original survey experiments, and detailed case studies. Together, her findings cast doubt on the power of international pressure to promote human rights while upending the received wisdom on the role of norms in world affairs. By identifying the conditions under which shaming is effective, the book offers practical guidance for governments, international organizations, and civil society actors wanting to promote human rights abroad.
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