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[Invited] A Short Comparative Historiography of Science & Technology of Mechanics into Engineering—and—Architecture Literatures During the Renaissance
Archive ouverte : Communication dans un congrès
Edité par HAL CCSD ; Springer International Publishing
International audience. The Historiography of science deals with methods, and so interpretations of facts and events within the discipline of history. It also represents a style of method of historians in developing their specific studies. This discipline also allows historians of science to refine the borders internal or external to their historical methods. During the Renaissance, a culture of machines (including fortifications and weapons) paralleled the development of science, from the science of weights until the birth of modern science. Was it possible to build a machine without knowing Aristotle’s and Euclid’s sciences? Thus, Science on one side and (military) Science and Technology on the other almost independently developed themselves; in some special cases, they crossed over each other. A comparative historiography of science and technology (artisanal crafts produced by non-scientists like engineering and architecture, including applied mechanics in some cases) in the Renaissance is presented. But, how was it possible to build (in the Renaissance) a machine without knowing Aristotle’s and Euclid’s sciences? Do Historical (scientists, philosophers, facts and theories) or historiographical (methods, events and interpretations) elements matter? No theory—no machine? Historiography can influence the vision––and––image of a subject within history; i.e., is the case of Koyré's Newtonian studies and of Kuhn's paradigm. Thus, in this paper, we review the role played by the major contributions to the historiography of science and technology from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance as presented in the past century by Singer's authors within the first three of seven volumes of A History of Technology (1954–1958). This provides perspectives both on the enduring influence of this early historiographical (on the birth of Mechanism in the Renaissance) tradition and describes the ways it differently accounted for variation in unlike countries and consequently how its results remain, still nowadays, a debated question. Due to constraints preventing an extensive exploration of this amazing historiography, we focus our comparative analysis to the books cited above.
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